What is a common feature of modern aircraft carriers not present in earlier designs?

A steam catapult is a common feature of modern aircraft carriers that significantly enhances their capability. Unlike early designs of carriers that relied on gravity and simpler launching methods, steam catapults provide the necessary acceleration to launch heavier military aircraft from the flight deck in a shorter distance. This technology allows for rapid and efficient launching of aircraft, which is crucial for contemporary naval operations where quick response times are essential.

Earlier aircraft carriers typically had wooden flight decks, which were less durable and offered less operational efficiency compared to the steel flight decks found on modern carriers. The use of cannon armament also reflects an earlier age of naval warfare; modern carriers focus primarily on aircraft deployment and defense rather than heavy guns. Additionally, the shape of the hull in earlier carriers was not standardized to the square shape often seen in modern designs, which are optimized for stability and improved sea-keeping abilities.

In summary, the steam catapult represents an important advancement in aircraft carrier technology that facilitates the launch of modern jets, making it a defining feature of contemporary carriers versus those from earlier periods.